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TOP EIGHT DIAMONDS

1. Koh-i-Noor, the Royal Precious Stone

Portrayal of the Kohinoor Diamond:

The Kohinoor Diamond is time lined as one of the most renowned diamonds in the whole of the world. The Kohinoor diamond was 1st revealed or even talked in 1306 when it was squandered off from the Rajah of Malwa, whose family had possessed and owned this master of a diamond for centuries. It was portrayed as been evaluated to 186 carats and it even was an oval cut white diamond the second in the list of precious colored diamonds.

The Kohinoor was shaped and sized similar to that of a diminutive hen's egg. The Kohinoor diamond was owned by various Indian and Persian rulers and it even claimed its royal trail and became a part of the Crown Jewels of England at the time that Queen Victoria was decreed empress of India.

The Kohinoor was re-cut and chiseled off at this tenure and now it weighs as much as 108.93 carats and is reserved in the Tower of London.

Origin / Connotation of the name Kohinoor Diamond:

The Kohinoor (Koh-i-Noor) instigated from India in Golconda at the very Indian Kollur mine and was explicitly mined from the Rayalaseema (signifying Land of Stones) diamond mine during the period of the rule of the Kakatiya empires rule. The Kohinoor was then travelled across from one ruling dynasty to the next as the empire kept throbbing for the Indian Territory. The primitive nomenclature of this precious stone was 'Samantik Mani' (which means Prince and leader among diamonds).

In 1739 the King of Persia, His highness Nadir Shah, plagued India and was alleged to be refer to as the diamond as the "Mountain of Light". The Persian-Arabic statements for "Mountain of Light" were Koh-i-Noor. The splendor of the diamond and its significance symbolized the supremacy of an Empire and hence the superiority of the King.

Curse of the stone and its present supremacy:

The blight of the hyper precious Kohinoor Diamond dates all the way back to a Hindu historical texts from the instance of the 1st authenticated manifestation of the stone in the early 13th centuries in 1306.The annoyance of the Kohinoor stone reads:

"He who possesses this diamond will claim the planet, but will in addition, will get to know all its adversities. Only divinity, or a lady, can sport it with harmony."

The record and subsists of the rulers who once owned the precious stone the Kohinoor were crammed with violence, murders, disfigurements, torture and treachery. The British Royal families were perceptibly responsive of the Curse of the Kohinoor and from the sovereignty of Queen Victoria, when the Kohinoor diamond translated into their custody; it has for ever gone to the spouse of the male heir to the British royal highness the throne. It is currently kept in the Tower of London.

2. Great Star of Africa

The great Star of Africa or "Cullinan" diamond was established in the year 1905, in the leading Mine at Pretoria, South Africa, and possessed its name from Mr. T. M. Cullinan, then one of the principal officials of the African mine when the precious finding happened. It was then taken over by the Union Government of South Africa, and offered to Edward VII. To be studded on to the Crown Jewels of the kingdom. The coarse diamond was cut into 4 grand brilliants and several smaller ones.

The principal fraction is drop-shaped, It weighs in at 516 1/2 carats, and dimensions to 2 5-16th inches in length and 1 13- 16th at its broadest section. It is positioned in the cranium of the King's Sceptre. The 2nd major fraction is positioned in the band of the King's State Crown, just positioned underneath the Black Prince's ruby. The 3rd and 4th portions were deposited in Queen Mary's Crown.

The premature narration of the Stuart sapphire is to some extent incomprehensible, though it in all probability belonged to Charles II., and was unquestionably in the middle of the royal Jewels which James II., treasured to take with him when he fled to France. From him it conceded to his son, Charles Edward, the elderly opponent, who bestowed it to his son, Henry Bentinck, identified later on as Cardinal York. The Stuart basis being dead Cardinal York left the sapphire with supplementary Stuart vestiges, to be then taken over by George III.

In Queen Victoria's State coronet this fine precious stone engaged an outstanding location in the frontage of the band just beneath the Black Prince's ruby. This pride of position it relinquished in favor of the Star of Africa and now positions a precisely reverse setting at the reverse of the King's State Crown.

The sapphire of St. Edward in the middle of the cross patée on the pinnacle of the King's State coronet is seized to encompass in the Coronation Ring of Edward the Confessor, who mounted the Throne in 1042. How the precious stone and ring passed all the way through the terrible desolation of the Commonwealth is not apparent, but a diminutive editorial of this sort might with no trouble break out unnoticed, concealed, as was the Ampulla, in Westminster Abbey, or masked by some dedicated aficionado of the Stuarts. It was hypothetical in the older days to comprise the magic supremacy of therapeutic towards cramp.

3. Orloff

The Orloff (at times spelled Orlov) is a huge diamond that is a fraction of the compilation of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. The beginning of this dazzling artifact portrayed as having the silhouette and quantities of half a hen's egg - can be traced back to a Hindu temple in 18th century Mysore, southern India. The particulars of the Orlov's story have been lost with time, but it is extensively accounted that the diamond once provided as an eye of the statuette of the presiding divinity of the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple of Srirangam in southern India.

The man detained accountable for its eradication was a French fugitive, a grenadier from the Carnatic wars who apparently rehabilitated to the Hindu faith and worshipped at the shrine for lots of years. Whether the deserter did this genuinely or exclusively to gain access to the effigy is not recognized. The shrine, located on an island in the Cauvery River, was bordered by 7 enclosures; no Christians were ever allowed beyond than the 4th. Once having embezzled the stone from its consecrated home around 1750, possibly after untold years of enduring planning, the absconder flee to Madras where he would discover fortification with the British Army, as well as a purchaser.

This as yet nameless rock conceded from merchant to merchant in the ceaseless expedition for profit, ultimately appearing for auction in Amsterdam. Salfras, an Armenian (some even claim to be Persian) merchant who then possessed the Orlov, initiated an enthusiastic buyer in Count Grigory Grigorievich Orlov. The Count remunerated an alleged 400,000 Dutch florins, but would probably have contracted to any total insisted. Years ahead of procure; Grigory Orlov had been passionately caught up with a German princess by the name of Sophie Frederike Auguste. The princess was intended to turn out to be history's Catherine the Great of Russia. Count Orlov hunted to regenerate their despondent relation by presenting her the diamond, as it is supposed he understood that she had wished for it. While he botched to recover her affections, Catherine did bequeath many gifts in the lead to Count Orlov; these gifts integrated a marble fortress in St. Petersburg. Catherine called the diamond after the Count, and had her jeweler, C. N. Troitinski, design a sceptre including the Orlov.

4. The Centenary

The Centenary was established on July 17th, 1986 by the electric X-ray recuperation classification at the Premier Mine. Only a handful of populace knew about it and all were avowed to silence. In its coarse form it resembled an asymmetrical matchbox with lanky planes, a well-known stretched out "horn" jutting out at solitary corner and a profound concave on the principal horizontal surface. The shape of the precious stone articulated issues in cutting with no obvious explanation.

The man chosen to appraise the Centenary was Gabi Tolkowsky, well-known in the diamond business as one of the mainly talented cutters in the planet. His family had long been in the diamond employment and it was his great-uncle, Marcel Tolkowsky, diamond specialist and mathematician, who launched a book in 1919 titled "Diamond Design", which for the 1st time set out precise ways of wounding the modern round dazzling cut.

Gabi Tolkowsky himself was the inventor of 5 innovative diamond cuts, exposed in 1988, which ponder onmaximizing brilliancy, shade or acquiesces or an amalgamation of all 3 from off-color jagged diamonds previously considered tricky to cut gainfully into predictable round or conjure shapes. Named for flowers, the cuts are mostly based on untraditional slant dimensions. The overall magnitude as well as the usage of more facets in the order of the pavilion augment intensity and advance visual collision when viewed face-up.

When cutting was accomplished the Centenary weighed 273.85 carats, calculated 39.90 × 50.50 × 24.55 mm, and had 247 facets - 164 on the rock and 83 around its restraint. Never before, had such an elevated number of facets been refined onto a diamond. In adding together, 2 faultless pear shapes weighing 1.47 and 1.14 carats were slashed from the coarse. Among top-color diamonds the Centenary is surpassed only by the Cullinan I (also known as the Star of Africa) and the Cullinan II, which were incise from the Cullinan crystal previous to modern symmetrical cuts were completely urbanized in the 1920's, building the Centenary the principal contemporary fancy cut diamond in the globe and the only one to coalesce the oldest techniques - such as kerfing - with the mainly complicated contemporary technology in cutting.

5. The Regent

The audacious history of the Regent is very much like that of numerous other great diamonds. Gluttony, assassinate and compunction play a part in the breach chapter. Trouble - biased, communal, and individual - accompanies this precious stone to its final quiescent place. Initially known as the Pitt, this 410-carat stone was one of the very last bulky diamonds to be originated in India. It is told to have been revealed by a slave in the Parteal Mines (also told 'Partial') on the Krishna River about 1701.

The slave scarfs the massive rough concealing it in bandages of a self inflicted leg lesion, and fled to the seacoast.

There, he revealed his clandestine to an English sea captain, presenting him half the value of the stone in turn for secure passageway to a gratis country. But during the expedition to Bombay, enticement overcame this oceangoing man and he murdered the slave and took the diamond. After trading it to an Indian diamond mercantile named Jamchund for about $5000, the captain misspent the profits in debauchery and, in a fit of repentance and frenzy tremens, hanged him-self.

In 1702, Jamchund traded the stone for about a sum of $100,000 to Governor Thomas Pitt of Ft. George, Madras, who was the grandpa of William Pitt of American Revolutionary fame. Acknowledged to historians as the "Elder Pitt," William was the British Prime Minister for whom Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was christened. He sent it to England and had it shaped into a 140.50 carat cushion-shaped dazzling cut, measuring just about 32mm × 34mm × 25mm. The cutting exhausted 2 years and cost about $25,000, but a quantity of less important stones brought more than $35,000; some of these stones were rose-cut stones that were traded to Peter the Great of Russia. The chief gem, which has but one extremely diminutive deficiency, is in the present day measured one of the premium and most radiant of the acknowledged huge diamonds.

The desirable gem vanished, jointly with the uniformly famed Sancy and French Blue (from which the Hope stone was cut); when the Garde Meuble (Royal Treasury) was robbed of its marvelous jewels in 1792, for the duration of the premature part of the Revolution. Some of the famed stones were soon found back, but the Regent could not at 1st be traced. After 15 months, however, it was found, having been concealed in a hole beneath the timberwork of a Paris loft.

6. The Idol's Eye:

The assorted published accounts of the premature times gone by of the Idol's Eye are worth of being incorporated in A Thousand and One Nights, regrettably, for the most measurement they must be measured to be completely bogus. The diamond may have been established at Golconda around 1600, but 7 years afterward it was absolutely not apprehended from the Persian Prince Rahab by the East India Company as imbursement for debt. No such human being is recorded in the history of Persia, and the East India Company was not fashioned until numerous years later.

The first genuine fact in the diamond's olden times was its manifestation at a Christie's sale in London on July 14th, 1865, when it was spelled as "a grand large diamond recognized as the Idol's Eye set round with 18 minor brilliants and a chasis of diminutive brilliants." It was punched down to a inexplicable buyer purely nominated as "B.B.". Later it is stated that the 34th Ottoman Sultan, Abdul Hamid II (1842-1918) possessed the Idol's Eye. However the Idol's Eye would on no account, as has frequently been asserted, has been positioned in the eye of a place of worship in Benghazi for the reason that there are neither temples nor idols in that city, Benghazi having been Muslim from the time of the 8th century AD.

In 1979 Laurence Graff of London traded the Idol's Eye. Harry Levinson pawned the diamond, before it was sold to Laurence Graff, for exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, at a 1982 function celebrating the 50th anniversary of Harry Winston Inc. In the subsequent January, Mr. Graff sold the Idol's eye; jointly with the Emperor Maximilian and a 70.54-carat conjure Yellow diamond christened the Sultan Abdul Hamid II and contemplated to have once been element of that ruler's jewelry compilation. The sale of these 3 diamonds to the identical buyer is measured to have been one of the peak priced dealings ever recognized.

7. The Taylor-Burton:

Diamonds have no compassion... "They will be evidence for the wearer if they be able to," says one personality in The Sandcastle, a near the beginning novel by the famed British author, Iris Murdoch. Now this might be true of a few women habitually wearing a disgracefully bulky item of jewelry which show cases a measure of unpleasant offensiveness to themselves - but is it appropriate to Elizabeth Taylor? Those well-showcased gifts which she established from her 5th husband, the belatedly Richard Burton, positively augment her manifestation and do not seem out of place on her. Compatibility is recognized between the jewel and its wearer.

Richard Burton's 1st jewelry procures for Elizabeth Taylor was the 33.19-carat Asscher-cut Krupp Diamond, in 1968. This had previously been part of the estate of Vera Krupp, 2nd wife of the steel magnate Alfred Krupp.

Miss Taylor sports this precious stone in a ring. She has sported it in a number of her post-1968 films, during her conference on CNN's Larry King Live in 2003, and just about all over else she goes. Next the La Peregrina Pearl for which Burton paid £15,000. The stone has an extended and complex history. For the queen's 40th birthday in 1972 Richard Burton presented her a heart-shaped diamond identified as the Taj-Mahal. The stone is practically huge and flat, with an Arabic dedication on each side. It is positioned with rubies and diamonds in a yellow gold rope prototype necklace. "I would have wanted to buy her the Taj-Mahal," he remarked, "but it would charge too much to transfer".

8. The Sancy

It is comprehensible how a guest to the French Crown Jewel compilation housed at the Louvre could fail to notice the Sancy Diamond. A measly 55.232 carats and bordered by a uncomplicated rings of white gold, it resides in its container like a introverted diminutive sister in conjunction with its grander siblings, the dignified Regent and the peach-blossom Hortensia. Yet, if diamonds could converse, none could counterpart the Sancy for the untamed tales it could acquaint with, Like the Scheherazade of diamonds, it would maintain a listener.

Spellbound with a thousand-and-one stories of war and conspiracy, splendor and ceremony, and the foibles and follies of the sovereigns, lords, ladies, moneymen, and schemers who owned, desired after, and even killed to posses it.

n this 1st widespread history of one of the world's most desirable gems, historian Susan Ronald brings to glowing life the Sancy Diamond's 600-year odyssey-a labyrinthine expedition that begins in the fabled mines of Golconda, India, and wends its means across 3 continents and through some of the most stunning events in European history.

Once the chief white diamond in the Western world, the Sancy was considered to communicate invincibility to whoever wore it. Ironically, it was also whispered to be the source of an antique curse that visited a brutal death to any who possessed it. Over the centuries, the diamond decorated the crowns of numerous French royals and was worn as a fortunate hatpin by King James I of England. In the 15th century, it was lost on the field of battle by Charles the Bold of Burgundy only to be spotted by a Swiss soldier who sold it for 1 florin to a priest from Basel. In the 16th century, while en route to be wagered to elevate a mercenary Swiss army, it was cleaved from the vitals of King Henry IV's wretched courier who had swallowed it in order to mask it from robbers. Won and lost by the kings of Portugal and lusted-after by quite a few Spanish monarchs, the intangible Sancy was hotly tracked for decades by England's Elizabeth I, Taken away from the Louvre and concealed under the floorboards of a Parisian loft during the French Revolution, and was influential in Napoleon's meteoric augment to power.

In The Sancy Blood Diamond, Susan Ronald outlines the stone's advancement as it passes in the midst of the royal and gracious houses of Europe, from John Galeazzo di Visconti, Duke of Milan in the 14th century, to England's Charles I, France's Louis XVI, a Russian prince of serf origins, and eventually, the British Astors. All along the way, she discovers the origins of the fable of the Sancy pest, and, working from unique sources, she decisively solves the puzzle of the Sancy's 2 disappearances, the first time that spanned for 120 years, in the 16th and 17th centuries, and then another time, during the French Revolution.